埃塞俄比亚航空公司波音737 MAX客机空难事件后,舆论将矛头之一指向美国民航监管部门疏于监督以及波音与政府部门的密切关系,而沙纳汉则被视为是这种密切关系最明显的例子。美国“石英”财经网称,波音受益于国防部合同以及其他政府支出,从1998年以来,波音已花费2.75亿美元用于游说,仅2018年就花了1510万美元。波音在上届国会的游说花费,比该行业任何公司都多。此外在华盛顿的旋转门中,一些有影响力的人游走于政府工作、行业职位以及游说组织之间,而波音在这方面一直很积极。从2008年到现在,波音雇用了19名国防部卸任官员。

调查人员发现,埃航与去年10月29日造成189人死亡的印尼狮航坠机事故存在“明显的相似之处”,特别是机组似乎都是在试图控制飞机的自动稳定系统时遇到困难。《纽约时报》20日披露,被称为MCAS的机动特性增强系统作为新的软件程序,在安全认证过程中没有受到足够的重视。报道称,3名消息人士透露,FAA高层会听取重大安全问题的吹风,但他们对MCAS软件系统并不知情。大多数飞行员在印尼狮航空难前都不了解MCAS。由于技术能力不足,FAA高度依赖波音公司自己的员工来认证飞机的安全性。另一方面,为应对竞争,波音公司又推动FAA加速审批认证过程。曾在FAA从事安全监管工作的航空安全专家迈克尔·德雷科恩说:“波音公司和FAA简直就是共生关系,二者之间关系太密切了。”

这种局面下,FAA在停飞波音737 MAX等问题上行动迟缓就不难理解了。按照彭博社21日的说法,去年印尼狮航全新的737 MAX 飞机坠毁后,美国官员就已开始调查FAA对相关软件系统的审批,以及波音为什么没有在飞行员手册中介绍相关软件特性。显然,调查开始后,无论波音还是FAA仍然没有足够重视,直到又发生埃航客机空难,波音737 MAX被“全球停飞”。

曾在2009年成功驾驶美联航航班在纽约哈德逊河面迫降的萨利机长20日在美国“市场观察”网站撰文,批评FAA和波音关系太密切,导致无法实施有效监管。

美国有线电视新闻网21日称,美国司法部检察官为调查波音如何获得FAA认证以及波音737 MAX的市场营销已发出数份传票。美国《西雅图时报》21日称,联邦调查局(FBI)已加入对波音737 MAX机型认证过程的刑事调查。

彭博社20日报道称,去年10月印尼狮航波音737 MAX客机坠机事故发生前一天,出事客机在执飞另一趟航班时遇到相似问题,一名搭乘该航班的不当值飞行员准确判断出问题,帮助机组进行了有效处理,避免了灾难。不幸的是,这架飞机第二天还是没躲过空难。

路透社等媒体同日报道称,调查人员根据黑匣子录音透露,在狮航客机坠毁前,机组人员还在翻操作手册,试图找到阻止飞机机头向下的方法,机头反复强行下压,副驾驶哈维诺开始祷告……奇迹没有发生,飞机在起飞仅13分钟后最终坠入印尼爪哇海。

21日在记者会上,印尼国家交通安全委员会主席贾约诺证实了彭博社报道中那名不当值飞行员的存在,但没有证实该飞行员是否挽救了飞机。不过,他否认路透社等媒体有关飞行员临时翻操作手册的报道,称这些报道只是基于某些人的观点,“与实际情况不符合”。


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