为何苹果总是先在牙买加秘密申请商标?
2898
外闻 2020-03-18 16:13:59 字数:1201

为何苹果总是先在牙买加秘密申请商标?苹果在产品发布上是出了名的保密,但这家科技巨头在发布产品前有一件事情是一定要做的:在牙买加提交商标文书。在Siri、Apple Watch、MacOS和很多其他重要产品上,苹果都是提前数月在牙买加提交文书,然后才在美国提交同样的文书。



谷歌、亚马逊和微软也同样在远离硅谷和西雅图地方提交他们最重要产品的商标申请,这些地方包括牙买加、汤加、冰岛、南非和特立尼达和多巴哥——这些地方的商标管理机构不维护能轻松搜索的数据库。科技巨头利用了美国商标法的一个条款,秘密申请商标。根据美国商标法的规定,一旦商标在美国以外地区的知识产权机构提交了,该公司可以有6个月时间向美国专利商标局(USPTO)申请。


当公司在美国申请时,可拿出原先在国外的申请证明其有优先主张权。不过,这条美国商标法条款同时阻止竞争对手从公开申请文件中猜测公司的产品计划。研究此问题的Alt Legal律师事务所律师尼哈尔·马达尼(Nehal Madhani)表示:“竞争对手可能会搜索‘苹果在申请什么商标’,‘他们在想什么’。”在海外申请当然不能真正保密——只是不容易访问,因为你必须亲自去当地。例如,牙买加知识产权局允许游客在其金士顿的办事处搜索申请文件。


人们还可要求办事处为他们搜索文件,但要求提供牙买加的地址以接收搜索结果,这个过程需要3周时间。不过人们可聘请牙买加的律师进行搜索。牙买加知识产权局还未有让文件数据库上线的计划。Alt Legal律师事务所列出了另外65个有着同样线下商标数据库的国家。每家科技公司似乎喜欢在特定的国家申请商标。从2010年起的注册数据可以看出,亚马逊、苹果、谷歌和微软首次申请商标的国家都不同。


数据显示,苹果最喜欢在牙买加申请商标,总共有275次;谷歌最喜欢在汤加申请,有47次,微软最喜欢在南非申请,有71次。科技巨头利用的特别条款是美国商标法44(d)条,一些公司从中获利更多。例如苹果申请的次数超过谷歌3倍。一些公司比其他公司更多地隐藏商标,如苹果在国外注册的商标有343个,谷歌只有93个,微软有80个,亚马逊为42个,英特尔为30个,IBM也有3个。


但不是很多公司利用这个条款,费用高昂使得只有这些科技大公司才值得这么做。Alt Legal律师事务的马达尼称:“我没看到这种方法得到广泛应用——我认为这是相当隐秘的方法。通常只有那些有着真正法律资源的公司才会用,才愿意花费金钱保护某些东西6个月。”但在科技界,6个月时间真的有优势。如苹果等公司能在牙买加申请商标保护,在爱尔兰支付税金,建立正开始传输比互联网更多流量的全球数据分布网络。


谈到大科技公司,国界似乎变成另一个科技公司可以绕过的官僚障碍——但很少有公司能做到。


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